42 C++ Modules (CPP00 → CPP09)

🎏 Overview

This repository contains the 10 C++ modules from the 42 school curriculum. The goal is to progressively master C++ fundamentals under the C++98 standard, moving from procedural C-style thinking to advanced Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

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🪭 Global Skills Acquired

• OOP: Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction.
• Memory Management: Stack vs heap, avoiding leaks, RAII.
• C++ Idioms: Orthodox Canonical Form, operator overloading, exception safety.
• Generic Programming: Templates, reusability.
• STL Mastery: Containers, iterators, algorithms.

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〽✍🏾 Notes

• Standard: All projects follow the C++98 standard (42 requirement).
• Constraints: No external libraries; focus on understanding fundamentals over modern shortcuts.
• Documentation: Includes the documented learning process and solved challenges.

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🕵️‍♀️ Modules Breakdown

CPP00 — Basics of C++

• Concepts: Namespaces (std), I/O streams, classes, member functions, this pointer, static members.
• Takeaway: Transition from C to C++, object-oriented thinking.

CPP01 — Memory & References

• Concepts: Stack vs heap, new/delete, pointers vs references, file I/O.
• Takeaway: Memory management and avoiding leaks.

CPP02 — Orthodox Canonical Form

• Concepts: Constructors/destructors, copy constructor, copy assignment operator, operator overloading.
• Takeaway: Rule of 3 and object copying semantics.

CPP03 — Inheritance

• Concepts: Base/derived classes, method overriding, access specifiers, constructor/destructor chaining.
• Takeaway: Code reuse and hierarchical design.

CPP04 — Polymorphism

• Concepts: Virtual functions, dynamic binding, abstract classes, deep vs shallow copy.
• Takeaway: Runtime polymorphism and interface-based design.

CPP05 — Exceptions

• Concepts: try/catch/throw, custom exception classes, RAII.
• Takeaway: Robust error handling.

CPP06 — Casting

• Concepts: static_cast, dynamic_cast, reinterpret_cast, const_cast.
• Takeaway: Explicit and safe type conversions.

CPP07 — Templates

• Concepts: Function templates, class templates, generic programming.
• Takeaway: Reusable, type-independent code.

CPP08 — STL Containers & Algorithms

• Concepts: vector, list, iterators, std::find, std::sort.
• Takeaway: Efficient use of STL.

CPP09 — Advanced STL

• Concepts: map, set, data processing algorithms.
• Takeaway: Combining STL tools for problem solving.
• Highlight: ex02 — PmergeMe — implementation of the Ford-Johnson merge-insertion sort with detailed complexity analysis.

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🦧 Structure & Build

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone git@github.com:aphonogelia/CPP.git

2. Navigate to an exercise:

   cd CPP00/ex00

3. Compile and Run:

   make
   ./executable_name

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🔗 Links

• 42 C++ Curriculum: https://42.fr/en/the-program/innovative-learning/